中新网评：美国众议长选举“连续剧”暴露美式民主痼疾******
中新网北京1月9日电(蒋鲤)在15轮投票表决后，美国众议院议长选举这场“连续剧”终于落下帷幕，众议院共和党领袖凯文•麦卡锡最终成功当选第55任美国众议院议长。这是美国国会过去164年来耗时最久的一次议长选举记录，将美国“对抗式民主”的弊端暴露无遗。
资料图：美国众议院共和党领袖麦卡锡。中新社记者 沙晗汀 摄由于两党对立加剧、党派内斗、利益分配不均等因素，众议长选举陷入一场拉锯战。在此次众议长竞选中，美国民主党议员继续抱团，多轮投票中，一票不投麦卡锡，共和党右翼“强硬派”领头的约20人小团体也拒绝投票麦卡锡。
麦卡锡的当选之路一波三折，除了本人的“政治投机派”角色在国会不受欢迎外，与共和党内部政治分歧关系密切。
一方面，共和党党内反对者认为，麦卡锡对民主党态度过于软弱，无力对抗民主党控制的参议院和拜登政府，另一方面，因为共和党的多数优势微弱，党内一些影响力较小的派系的政治力量则被放大，有利于他们巩固自己的选票。
此外，党内反对者也认为，自己的选票没有换取更多利益，希望以此作为筹码换取麦卡锡更大的让步，比如让他们获得众议院重要委员会中的职务。
作为仅次于美国总统、副总统的政坛三号人物，众议院议长通常由众议院多数党领袖担任，选举几乎没有悬念。然而，麦卡锡此次为当选，不得不做出多个关键让步，其中可能包括恢复一项罢黜议长动议机制，使得众议长的权力被削弱，难以掌控众议院。
美国有线电视新闻网CNN称，麦卡锡在这场不合时宜的政治勒索中作出让步，这种绥靖政策只会让极端主义势力更加强大。
这场引发全世界围观的尴尬选举暴露出美国政治存在严重的对立和分化。在权力博弈思维的裹挟下，党派利益凌驾于国家和人民利益之上，美国两党相互拆台，陷入“为反对而反对”的无脑对垒。而即便是一党内，也会因为利益分配问题产生不同的小派系，相互对抗，选票变成了谋利益的工具。
从国会山骚乱到打破记历史记录的15轮众议长选举，“对抗式民主”让美国政治陷入瓶颈，长期对抗势必会让政客们丧失客观公正的判断能力，其政治阶层是否有能力治理国家也会引发质疑。
两党之争和党派内斗进一步放大了美国政治体制弊病，美国所谓的“民主”形象，让全世界大跌眼镜。鼓吹以选民利益为先的美式选举，变成了政客们利益置换的游戏，进一步彰显出美国“民主政治”日渐失能，不断极化的党争已使美国政治制度陷入死循环。
House speaker election reveals deep-rooted problems in U.S. democracy
(ECNS) -- The Republican leader Kevin McCarthy was elected as the 55th speaker of the U.S. House of Representatives after 15 ballots. As the most grueling House speaker election in the past 164 years, the election has highlighted the defects of the country’s "confrontational democracy".
The election once reached a stalemate due to intense partisan strife, inner-party struggle among the Republicans, uneven distribution of interests, and more. Democratic Party members forged a close alliance, refusing to vote for McCarthy, while about 20 Republicans also declined to cast ballots for the GOP leader.
Except for his unpopular role as a "political speculator" in Congress, McCarthy’s hard-won election can be attributed to turmoil within the Republican Party.
On the one hand, opponents in the Republican Party believe that the GOP leader's attitude toward the Democrats is too weak to confront the Senate controlled by Democrats and the Biden administration.
On the other hand, the political power of some less influential factions in the Republican Party has been amplified due to the Party’s weak majority advantage in the House of Representatives, which is conducive to consolidating their ticket warehouses.
Meanwhile, these opponents believe that their votes failed to win them more benefits, hoping to use this as a bargaining chip for McCarthy's further concessions, such as getting them positions in important House Committees.
As the third political figure after the President and Vice President of the U.S., the speaker, by tradition, is the head of the majority party in the House of Representatives.
But McCarthy has made many concessions in order to bring the ultra conservatives along, involving what’s known as the “motion to vacate,” a mechanism by which members can force a vote to depose the speaker. The reported concessions will empower individual members at the expense of McCarthy’s sway as speaker.
CNN thought the concessions he made during this unseemly political shakedown would only make the extremist faction more powerful.
This embarrassing election, which has drawn global attention, exposed the serious opposition and polarization in American politics. Both Democrats and Republicans put their interests before that of the country and its people, attacking and opposing each other irrationally.
Besides, different factions arise within a single party and confront each other because of the distribution of interests. Votes have become a tool to win more benefits.
From Capitol riots to the House Speaker election with record-breaking ballots, "confrontational democracy" has become a bottleneck of American politics. Long-term confrontation will surely impede politicians to think objectively and fairly while their capacity of governing the country will also raise doubts among the public.
Both parties’ struggle and infighting among the Republicans have further amplified the defects of the American political system, with its "democratic" image shocking the world.
The U.S.-style election, which advocates putting voters' interests first, has become a game of interest exchange among politicians. In addition, it further demonstrates the malfunction of American "democratic politics" and the constantly polarized party struggle that has trapped the American political system into an infinite cycle.
二十大代表风采丨潘从明：戈壁矿山废中取宝甘为“铂乐”****** 中新网兰州10月9日电 题：潘从明：戈壁矿山废中取宝甘为“铂乐” 作者 闫姣 王牧雨 从普通工人成长为“大国工匠”，从戈壁矿山走向科技研发的国际舞台，如今潘从明仍旧日夜忙碌在攻克技术难关的一线。他近日接受中新网记者采访时说，这两年他重点研究从各类二次资源中综合回收提取铂族金属技术。 潘从明是甘肃省金昌市金川集团铜业有限公司贵金属冶炼分厂提纯工序工序长。他的成就之一，是主创了“镍阳极泥中铂钯铑铱绿色高效提取技术”，推动整体技术达到国际先进水平。铂族贵金属是精密电子、航空发动机等国家战略高科技产业的关键基础材料，而我国贵金属储量仅占全球储量的0.39%。 潘从明说，矿产资源终究有限，中国大量汽车、电子产品、石油催化剂等面临报废高峰期，各类二次资源中的贵金属就是一座移动的“城市矿山”。这些二次资源成为国内外同行关注的焦点。 金川集团是中国最大、世界领先的镍钴生产基地和铂族金属提炼中心，也是我国目前已知的唯一具有开采价值的伴生铂族金属矿床，铂族金属产量占到国内矿产总产量的80%以上。  图为潘从明在劳模创新工作室给员工培训。(资料图) 金川集团供图潘从明常说，他的成长离不开这个平台和周围的环境。但在很多人看来，他的成绩亦和自己的刻苦钻研息息相关。“遇到不会的，我宁可待在生产线，不吃不喝，也要把这个事弄明白。”在他看来，练得多了，也就熟了，就能发现更多问题；会得多了，就能想到创新的办法，解决难题。 在同事眼中，潘从明对待工作高度专注，有热情、有激情，26载坚持探索、研发；在徒弟眼中，他博学多识且宽严并济，培养出多位技术能手、技术标兵；在家人眼中，他时常沉迷于自己的“铂族世界”。 在钻研之路上，潘从明遇到过很多坎，但对这个行业的热爱促使他不断深钻。初到企业时他什么也不懂，便在晚上回忆、记录白天老师傅们所讲内容，经常复习到凌晨两三点。那时候学习条件不便，他就委托亲朋好友从外地帮忙搜罗国内外的专业书籍，开始自学，“晚上宁愿不睡觉也要记录，有时看书有了灵感，还会直奔实验室，通宵做实验。”  图为潘从明解决现场技术难题。(资料图) 金川集团供图因多年来保持记录的习惯，潘从明攒了一本30万余字的“发明笔记”，写满了密密麻麻的公式。这一良好习惯，他也传授给徒弟们，让他们从每个月必须完成的20页报告开始做起，并挨个标注出报告中的问题。由此，他也培养出了一批提纯工序的优秀人才。 潘从明是国家级技能大师工作室领衔人、贵金属冶炼特级技师、有色冶金正高级工程师，是西北地区首位个人获得国家科技进步奖的一线产业工人，多次被评为“大国工匠”“发明之星”“全国技术能手”“全国劳动模范”。 潘从明从未抱怨钻研的苦，也没有挥霍成功的乐。今年，针对甘肃省提出的强工业、强科技等“四强”行动，以及金川集团产量翻番的任务，他认为，从二次资源中提取铂族贵金属是技术的突破口，也是未来做大做强的主要内容。 潘从明称，下一步的重点工作有从含有微量贵金属的各类废液中高效提取贵金属的技术研究，生产高附加值的贵金属化合物，以及技术传承和人才培养等。“技术没有止境，也没有最好，只有往更好的方向走，把技术做精做优。”他说。(完)
|
